{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:zapsalis",
  "genus": "Zapsalis",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-11",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-11_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Zapsalis",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Cope 1876",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Zapsalis abradens",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Dromaeosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Dromaeosaurinae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        85.7,
        66.0,
        "Santonian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "carnivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Dromaeosauridae, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Dromaeosauridae; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "evidence",
        "label": "Age (confirmed evidence)",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "countries",
        "label": "Countries",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 7,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Zapsalis",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 380,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 23,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 3932,
        "title": "File:Zapsalis.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Zapsalis.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zapsalis.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Derek W. Larson, Philip J. Currie",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Derek W. Larson, Philip J. Currie (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054329), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zapsalis.png)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": null,
    "references": 21
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Zapsalis: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\n### Images (1)\n- “File:Zapsalis.png” (Taxon image): Derek W. Larson, Philip J. Currie (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054329), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zapsalis.png). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n21 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "52959",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52959"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Zapsalis",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapsalis"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4575044",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4575044"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q2306005",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306005"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 514–516.",
    "authors": "O. C. Marsh",
    "year": 1877,
    "title": "Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science and Arts",
    "volume": "14",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "514–516",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "low",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name, but its author or year differ from the naming authority (Cope 1876): it may be a later work, such as one that renamed or redefined the genus."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "7811"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Zapsalis, Cope 1876\n\n- Named by: Cope 1876 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Family: Dromaeosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Dromaeosaurinae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Zapsalis abradens (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Santonian to Maastrichtian, 85.7–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Original description: O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 514–516. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514 (low confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name, but its author or year differ from the naming authority (Cope 1876): it may be a later work, such as one that renamed or redefined the genus).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: carnivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Dromaeosauridae, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Dromaeosauridae; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Age (confirmed evidence): no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Countries: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Formations: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 7 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}