{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:velociraptor",
  "genus": "Velociraptor",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-04",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-04_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Velociraptor",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Osborn 1924",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Dromaeosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Velociraptorinae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        89.8,
        66.0,
        "Coniacian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        72.2
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "CA",
        "CN",
        "MN"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Baruungoyot",
        "Bayan Mandahu",
        "Dinosaur Park",
        "Djadokhta"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "omnisaura",
          "license": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "carnivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "ja:ヴェロキラプトル",
        "zh:伶盜龍"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "editor",
      "reasons": [
        "Sources disagreed; an Omnisaura editor ruled on it."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 16 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Dromaeosauridae, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Dromaeosauridae; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "CA",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "CN",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "MN",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Baruungoyot",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Bayan Mandahu",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Dinosaur Park",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Djadokhta",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "editor",
          "reasons": [
            "An Omnisaura editor ruled on it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 4,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Djadochta Formation",
      "same_as": "Djadokhta",
      "status": "suggested",
      "ruling": "approved"
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Velociraptor",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 3,
        "retrieved": [],
        "source": "omnisaura",
        "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL",
        "license_name": "Omnisaura editorial content (© Future Sailors, all rights reserved)",
        "license_url": "https://github.com/FutureSailorDesign/Omnisaura-/blob/main/docs/licences/omnisaura-editorial.md",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Omnisaura editorial decisions © Future Sailors",
        "source_name": "Omnisaura editorial",
        "homepage": null
      },
      {
        "values": 2772,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 62,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 34,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 94,
        "title": "File:Fred Wierum Velociraptor.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Fred Wierum",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Fred Wierum (File:Dromaeosaurs.png), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 95,
        "title": "File:Velociraptor restraining an oviraptorosaur by durbed.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Velociraptor_restraining_an_oviraptorosaur_by_durbed.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_restraining_an_oviraptorosaur_by_durbed.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Durbed",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Durbed (http://durbed.deviantart.com/art/Mortal-techniques-II-Velociraptor-279158025), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_restraining_an_oviraptorosaur_by_durbed.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 96,
        "title": "File:Velociraptor skeleton white background.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Velociraptor_skeleton_white_background.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skeleton_white_background.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Eduard Solà Vázquez",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Eduard Solà Vázquez (File:Velociraptor skeleton.jpg), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skeleton_white_background.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 97,
        "title": "File:Velociraptor skull crâne 2.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Velociraptor_skull_cr%C3%A2ne_2.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skull_cr%C3%A2ne_2.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Zil-fr & Poke2001",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Zil-fr & Poke2001 (Unknown source), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skull_cr%C3%A2ne_2.png)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 2,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 134
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Velociraptor: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Omnisaura editorial**: [Omnisaura editorial content (© Future Sailors, all rights reserved)](https://github.com/FutureSailorDesign/Omnisaura-/blob/main/docs/licences/omnisaura-editorial.md). Omnisaura editorial decisions © Future Sailors\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 2 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (4)\n- “File:Fred Wierum Velociraptor.png” (Taxon image): Fred Wierum (File:Dromaeosaurs.png), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fred_Wierum_Velociraptor.png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Velociraptor restraining an oviraptorosaur by durbed.jpg” (Taxon image): Durbed (http://durbed.deviantart.com/art/Mortal-techniques-II-Velociraptor-279158025), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_restraining_an_oviraptorosaur_by_durbed.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Velociraptor skeleton white background.jpg” (Taxon image): Eduard Solà Vázquez (File:Velociraptor skeleton.jpg), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skeleton_white_background.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\n- “File:Velociraptor skull crâne 2.png” (Taxon image): Zil-fr & Poke2001 (Unknown source), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Velociraptor_skull_cr%C3%A2ne_2.png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n134 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38564",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38564"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Velociraptor",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velociraptor"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822951",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822951"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q14403",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14403"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Velociraptor mongoliensis",
      "Velociraptor osmolskae"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "H. F. Osborn (1924). Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 144: 1–12.",
    "authors": "H. F. Osborn",
    "year": 1924,
    "title": "Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia",
    "publication": "American Museum Novitates",
    "volume": "144",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "1–12",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Osborn 1924), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "13096"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Velociraptor, Osborn 1924\n\n- Named by: Osborn 1924 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Dromaeosauridae (high confidence: sources disagreed; an Omnisaura editor ruled on it).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Velociraptorinae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Coniacian to Maastrichtian, 89.8–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 83.6–72.2 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 16 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Mongolia (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Canada (low: only one PBDB record); China (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Djadokhta (high: an Omnisaura editor ruled on it); Baruungoyot (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Bayan Mandahu (low: only one PBDB record); Dinosaur Park (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: H. F. Osborn (1924). Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 144: 1–12. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Osborn 1924), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: carnivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Dromaeosauridae, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Dromaeosauridae; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n- Common names: ヴェロキラプトル, 伶盜龍 (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 4 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Omnisaura editorial (OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}