{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:polacanthus",
  "genus": "Polacanthus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Polacanthus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Fox 1866",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Nodosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Nodosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        139.1,
        100.5,
        "Berriasian",
        "Albian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        139.1,
        100.5
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "ES",
        "GB"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Arcillas de Morella",
        "Ferruginous Sands",
        "Golmayo",
        "Piedrahita de Muñó",
        "Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation",
        "Upper Greensand Formation",
        "Vectis Formation",
        "Wadhurst Clay Formation",
        "Wessex Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 13 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithischia, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "ES",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "GB",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Arcillas de Morella",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Ferruginous Sands",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Golmayo",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Piedrahita de Muñó",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Upper Greensand Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Vectis Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Wadhurst Clay Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Wessex Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Upper Greensand Formation"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 3,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "higher_rank_only",
        "count": 4,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Tunbridge Wells Sand",
      "same_as": "Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Vectis",
      "same_as": "Vectis Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Wadhurst Clay",
      "same_as": "Wadhurst Clay Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Wessex",
      "same_as": "Wessex Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
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    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
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        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
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        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
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        "retrieved": [
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        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
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        "retrieved": [
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    ],
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    "references": 127
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Polacanthus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 18 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (38)\n- “File:Polacanthus Pelvis.jpg” (Taxon image): Carpenter, Kenneth (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polacanthus_Pelvis.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Polacanthus foxii.jpg” (Taxon image): FunkMonk, hip armour by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-SzilvásFile:Polacanthus skeleton.jpg (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polacanthus_foxii.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Polcanthus material.jpg” (Taxon image): Carpenter, Kenneth (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polcanthus_material.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_04_0421” (specimen PV OR 36515): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4eafbaed-a483-40a3-b89f-5378358485cf). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_04_0421” (specimen PV OR 36516): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4eafbaed-a483-40a3-b89f-5378358485cf). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_04_0421” (specimen PV OR 36517): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4eafbaed-a483-40a3-b89f-5378358485cf). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_05_0033” (specimen PV OR 37714): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8e9a93c8-1ca3-4d14-a41b-4b7cbf5babec). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_05_0121” (specimen PV OR 39553): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a7a67230-c989-41be-88d3-5d70d368bc48). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_05_0121” (specimen PV OR 39556): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a7a67230-c989-41be-88d3-5d70d368bc48). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_21_0035” (specimen PV R 175): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b57463d2-246f-499f-98e0-93b0b29d7f8c). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_21_0039” (specimen PV R 202): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/c8b2b3ab-49d6-4af6-b339-6af559ba64ae). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_21_0041” (specimen PV R 203): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e9600d9e-a438-48c6-8d85-35a80171bb82). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_21_0491” (specimen PV R 2527): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/02e9ad01-38e4-4b8b-90db-b04447aac6d0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0309” (specimen PV R 4134): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0a48ffb4-aba5-46a6-9de1-6b1c379bae11). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0475” (specimen PV R 4951): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d1370835-2654-47c1-9c5c-a93d6bc5c67d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0475” (specimen PV R 4952): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d1370835-2654-47c1-9c5c-a93d6bc5c67d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_21_0115” (specimen PV R 643): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5e94c064-269a-48e0-ace3-ceeab7ef5e20). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024595_L010093635” (specimen PV OR 36515): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f8dcfb32-5efb-4bdd-9c64-2aa07b6320be). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024643_L010093635” (specimen PV OR 36516): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/337580d7-31c6-4de1-9184-2cab54a278f0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024619_L010093635” (specimen PV OR 36517): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f2669fca-b044-494e-8a68-8286c3e4e92d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024499_L010093635” (specimen PV OR 37714): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/845b86d7-04e2-445e-8f5f-9d9169b3f10a). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024499_L010093635_(1)” (specimen PV OR 37714): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/c15e053b-82fa-4b4d-a598-0049a8796540). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033145_L010093469” (specimen PV OR 39553): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b473ab20-c643-4d60-abd2-67debbcb537b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024379_L010093635” (specimen PV OR 39556): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/28133e8c-d77f-4bf5-8cbf-f378dcbcb4f0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033739_L010093629” (specimen PV R 12556): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9f4b76ee-18fe-4cde-a347-43ee9aacae98). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033904_L010221166” (specimen PV R 15950): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/aa932f1e-6bef-4c5e-ab07-e95a550eb13b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033904_L010221166_(1)” (specimen PV R 15950): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d5089003-5a55-4e8f-9542-599bd36055f9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010039404_L010093621” (specimen PV R 16484): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7f904238-9ebe-43e6-a5a5-687e1ffe1cc6). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010039404_L010093621_(1)” (specimen PV R 16484): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d9a07478-0363-4ebe-b872-e94d50c550cf). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033451_L010093621” (specimen PV R 16485): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f345d1ad-1656-47f4-84d0-f5d992017aed). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010033787_L010093635” (specimen PV R 202): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/23caa4f8-cb82-4519-8c7f-4295d069dcc9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010036427_L010093638” (specimen PV R 203): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/70590523-0274-4e4b-b56a-e83137475f77). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024547_L010093635” (specimen PV R 2527): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/974c9977-75b4-4161-9f28-2132cd045cfa). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010036403_L010093638” (specimen PV R 4134): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/6a6ee083-875e-4433-a609-b9220020f603). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010036403_L010093638_(1)” (specimen PV R 4134): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/75c4adfd-7bb7-45cf-9fa2-4b2443f40d6e). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010023947_L010093637” (specimen PV R 4951): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d287b94e-bdf3-4ed0-b886-c802bc9b6e0b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010036547_L010093648” (specimen PV R 4952): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b4aa1a88-d7fe-450b-9082-8e90606bd9c8). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010024475_L010093635” (specimen PV R 643): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e58026e6-37ce-43d8-86ea-0a67a90bb605). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n127 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "52784",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52784"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Polacanthus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polacanthus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4823201",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4823201"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q134162",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134162"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Polacanthus becklesi",
      "Polacanthus foxi",
      "Polacanthus foxii",
      "Polacanthus rudgwickensis"
    ],
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Euacanthus",
        "status": "objective synonym of",
        "authority": "Owen 1897"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vectensia",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Delair 1982"
      }
    ]
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "W. Fox (1866). On a new Wealden saurian named Polacanthus. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Birmingham 1865: 56.",
    "authors": "W. Fox",
    "year": 1866,
    "title": "On a new Wealden saurian named Polacanthus",
    "publication": "Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Birmingham",
    "volume": "1865",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "56",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Fox 1866)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "29197"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Polacanthus, Fox 1866\n\n- Named by: Fox 1866 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Family: Nodosauridae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Parent group: Nodosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Berriasian to Albian, 139.1–100.5 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 139.1–100.5 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 13 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United Kingdom (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Spain (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)).\n- Rock formations: Wessex Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Arcillas de Morella (low: only one PBDB record); Ferruginous Sands (low: only one PBDB record); Golmayo (low: only one PBDB record); Piedrahita de Muñó (low: only one PBDB record); Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (low: only one PBDB record); Upper Greensand Formation (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor); Vectis Formation (low: only one PBDB record); Wadhurst Clay Formation (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: W. Fox (1866). On a new Wealden saurian named Polacanthus. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Birmingham 1865: 56. (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Fox 1866)).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithischia, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Upper Greensand Formation). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 3 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n- 4 record(s) left out: nHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}