{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:pachycephalosaurus",
  "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-05",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-05",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Pachycephalosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Brown and Schlaikjer 1943",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Ornithischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Eupachycephalosauria",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        66.0,
        "Campanian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "CA",
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Denver",
        "Dinosaur Park",
        "Ferris",
        "Hell Creek Formation",
        "Lance Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "ja:パキケファロサウルス",
        "zh:厚頭龍"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 31 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithischia, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "CA",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Denver",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Dinosaur Park",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Ferris",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (3 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Hell Creek Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (17 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Lance Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 3,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Hell Creek",
      "same_as": "Hell Creek Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Lance",
      "same_as": "Lance Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Pachycephalosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 2568,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 63,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 34,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 903,
        "title": "File:Dracorex BW.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Dracorex_BW.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dracorex_BW.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com)",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dracorex_BW.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 904,
        "title": "File:Pachycephalosaurus Reconstruction.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Pachycephalosaurus_Reconstruction.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_Reconstruction.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Fred Wierum",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Fred Wierum (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_Reconstruction.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 905,
        "title": "File:Pachycephalosaurus RoyalOntarioMuseum.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Pachycephalosaurus_RoyalOntarioMuseum.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_RoyalOntarioMuseum.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Keith Schengili-Roberts",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Keith Schengili-Roberts (Own Work (photo)), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_RoyalOntarioMuseum.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 906,
        "title": "File:Pachycephalosaurus ontogeny skulls - Museum of the Rockies - 2013-07-08.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Pachycephalosaurus_ontogeny_skulls_-_Museum_of_the_Rockies_-_2013-07-08.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_ontogeny_skulls_-_Museum_of_the_Rockies_-_2013-07-08.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Tim Evanson",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Tim Evanson (https://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/9329893746/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_ontogeny_skulls_-_Museum_of_the_Rockies_-_2013-07-08.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 907,
        "title": "File:Pachycephalosaurus skull.JPG",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Pachycephalosaurus_skull.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_skull.JPG",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Credit to - user Ballista from the English wikipedia.",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Credit to - user Ballista from the English wikipedia. (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_skull.JPG)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 908,
        "title": "File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Dracorex skeletal reconstruction.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Dracorex_skeletal_reconstruction.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Dracorex_skeletal_reconstruction.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Unknown author",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Unknown author (The Children's Museum of Indianapolis), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Dracorex_skeletal_reconstruction.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 901,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10053",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 902,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0193",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8398",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 1,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 91
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Pachycephalosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 1 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (8)\n- “File:Dracorex BW.jpg” (Taxon image): Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dracorex_BW.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\n- “File:Pachycephalosaurus Reconstruction.jpg” (Taxon image): Fred Wierum (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_Reconstruction.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “File:Pachycephalosaurus RoyalOntarioMuseum.png” (Taxon image): Keith Schengili-Roberts (Own Work (photo)), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_RoyalOntarioMuseum.png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Pachycephalosaurus ontogeny skulls - Museum of the Rockies - 2013-07-08.jpg” (Taxon image): Tim Evanson (https://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/9329893746/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_ontogeny_skulls_-_Museum_of_the_Rockies_-_2013-07-08.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Pachycephalosaurus skull.JPG” (Taxon image): Credit to - user Ballista from the English wikipedia. (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pachycephalosaurus_skull.JPG). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Dracorex skeletal reconstruction.jpg” (Taxon image): Unknown author (The Children's Museum of Indianapolis), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Childrens_Museum_of_Indianapolis_-_Dracorex_skeletal_reconstruction.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413” (specimen PV R 10053): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0193” (specimen PV R 8398): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0b7f7c7f-9e7f-4321-b015-cac1f1d4d8d6). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n91 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38786",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38786"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Pachycephalosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycephalosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4576687",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4576687"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q14455",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14455"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Pachycephalosaurus grangeri",
      "Pachycephalosaurus reinheimeri",
      "Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis"
    ],
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Dracorex",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Bakker et al. 2006"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stenotholus",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Giffin et al. 1988"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stygimoloch",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Galton and Sues 1983"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tylosteus",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Leidy 1872"
      }
    ]
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "B. Brown, E. M. Schlaikjer (1943). A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82(5): 115–150.",
    "authors": "B. Brown, E. M. Schlaikjer",
    "year": 1943,
    "title": "A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species",
    "publication": "Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History",
    "volume": "82",
    "issue": "5",
    "pages": "115–150",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Brown and Schlaikjer 1943), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "12773"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Pachycephalosaurus, Brown and Schlaikjer 1943\n\n- Named by: Brown and Schlaikjer 1943 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Order: Ornithischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Eupachycephalosauria (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Campanian to Maastrichtian, 83.6–66 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 83.6–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 31 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Canada (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Lance Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Ferris (medium: only PBDB records it (3 records)); Hell Creek Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (17 records)); Denver (low: only one PBDB record); Dinosaur Park (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: B. Brown, E. M. Schlaikjer (1943). A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82(5): 115–150. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Brown and Schlaikjer 1943), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithischia, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n- Common names: パキケファロサウルス, 厚頭龍 (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Family: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 3 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}