{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:ouranosaurus",
  "genus": "Ouranosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Ouranosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Taquet 1972",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Neoiguanodontia",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        121.4,
        66.0,
        "Aptian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        121.4,
        100.5
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "NE",
        "TN"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Aïn el Guettar",
        "Elrhaz"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "disputed",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree on who named it but give years more than one apart; an editor has not ruled yet."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 5 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "NE",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (4 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "TN",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Aïn el Guettar",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Elrhaz",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (4 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "note": "The sources agree on who named it but give different years.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "Taquet 1972"
          },
          {
            "source": "Wikidata",
            "source_id": "wikidata",
            "value": "Philippe Taquet, 1976"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 3,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Ouranosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 1758,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 2718,
        "title": "File:Ouranosaurus - skull.JPG",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Ouranosaurus_-_skull.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_-_skull.JPG",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Ghedoghedo",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Ghedoghedo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_-_skull.JPG)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2719,
        "title": "File:Ouranosaurus MSNVE 3714.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Ouranosaurus_MSNVE_3714.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_MSNVE_3714.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Filippo Bertozzo​​, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia​, Matteo Fabbri",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Filippo Bertozzo​​, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia​, Matteo Fabbri (https://peerj.com/articles/3403/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_MSNVE_3714.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2720,
        "title": "File:Ouranosaurus nigeriensis restoration.png",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Audrey.m.horn",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Audrey.m.horn (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2721,
        "title": "File:Ouranosaurus teeth.JPG",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Ouranosaurus_teeth.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_teeth.JPG",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Ghedoghedo",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Ghedoghedo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_teeth.JPG)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": null,
    "references": 94
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Ouranosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\n### Images (4)\n- “File:Ouranosaurus - skull.JPG” (Taxon image): Ghedoghedo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_-_skull.JPG). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Ouranosaurus MSNVE 3714.png” (Taxon image): Filippo Bertozzo​​, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia​, Matteo Fabbri (https://peerj.com/articles/3403/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_MSNVE_3714.png). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “File:Ouranosaurus nigeriensis restoration.png” (Taxon image): Audrey.m.horn (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_nigeriensis_restoration.png). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Ouranosaurus teeth.JPG” (Taxon image): Ghedoghedo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ouranosaurus_teeth.JPG). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n94 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38751",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38751"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Ouranosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouranosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4823043",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4823043"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q131124",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131124"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Ouranosaurus nigeriensis"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "P. Taquet (1972). Il giacimento di Gadoufaoua [The locality of Gadoufaoua]. I Dinosauri del Teneré 41: 51–60.",
    "authors": "P. Taquet",
    "year": 1972,
    "title": "Il giacimento di Gadoufaoua [The locality of Gadoufaoua]",
    "publication": "I Dinosauri del Teneré",
    "volume": "41",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "51–60",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Taquet 1972)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "68627"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Ouranosaurus, Taquet 1972\n\n- Named by: Taquet 1972 (low confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree on who named it but give years more than one apart; an editor has not ruled yet).\n- Parent group: Neoiguanodontia (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Aptian to Maastrichtian, 121.4–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 121.4–100.5 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 5 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Niger (medium: only PBDB records it (4 records)); Tunisia (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Elrhaz (medium: only PBDB records it (4 records)); Aïn el Guettar (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: P. Taquet (1972). Il giacimento di Gadoufaoua [The locality of Gadoufaoua]. I Dinosauri del Teneré 41: 51–60. (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Taquet 1972)).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Authority: sources disagree (PBDB says Taquet 1972; Wikidata says Philippe Taquet, 1976). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Family: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 3 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}