{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:giraffatitan",
  "genus": "Giraffatitan",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Giraffatitan",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "(Paul 1988)",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Brachiosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Brachiosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        161.5,
        143.1,
        "Oxfordian",
        "Tithonian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        161.5,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "TZ"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Tendaguru Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 41 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "TZ",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Tendaguru Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "name",
        "label": "Name",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 1,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Tendaguru",
      "same_as": "Tendaguru Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Tendaguru Beds",
      "same_as": "Tendaguru Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Giraffatitan",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 3243,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 1457,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 2609,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 10056",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2616,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0173",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9e3f55fa-032b-464b-ab84-7003af987bf0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 a",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9e3f55fa-032b-464b-ab84-7003af987bf0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2627,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 38059",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/29649b5b-1fe9-46a4-86f1-d82e706cfe54",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 38059",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/29649b5b-1fe9-46a4-86f1-d82e706cfe54)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2607,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 38224 and 38225",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5ecd668f-77bf-449e-8802-21aab4118e82",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 38224",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5ecd668f-77bf-449e-8802-21aab4118e82)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2626,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 38688",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a724db80-6ef5-4981-b627-d7156656b6af",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 38688",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a724db80-6ef5-4981-b627-d7156656b6af)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2617,
        "title": "Quarry Map of M23",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/6116f264-7889-4f73-a76b-1c5f7a68f54b",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 a",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/6116f264-7889-4f73-a76b-1c5f7a68f54b)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2625,
        "title": "PV R 5937b - Cervical vertebra 6",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5988c167-c324-4a38-a626-018cc73afb88",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 b",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5988c167-c324-4a38-a626-018cc73afb88)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2624,
        "title": "PV R 5937c - Cervical 7",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3f35aa7d-ac60-41ea-a020-8291f03620a0",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 c",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3f35aa7d-ac60-41ea-a020-8291f03620a0)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2623,
        "title": "PV R 5937d - Cervical 8",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e19424f6-692a-467f-a798-b2fa2daaf626",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 d",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e19424f6-692a-467f-a798-b2fa2daaf626)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2622,
        "title": "PV R 5937e - Cervical 9",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/81cc6284-e52c-4b89-9533-b1113771abd4",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 e",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/81cc6284-e52c-4b89-9533-b1113771abd4)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2621,
        "title": "PV R 5937f - Cervical 10",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9eb94486-7116-47c1-89f8-9f3277affa3e",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 f",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9eb94486-7116-47c1-89f8-9f3277affa3e)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2610,
        "title": "PV R 5937g (a) - Cervical 11",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f88038b7-d785-4d04-ad28-bf2e638b65c1",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 g (a)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f88038b7-d785-4d04-ad28-bf2e638b65c1)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2620,
        "title": "PV R 5937h (a) - Cervical rib",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8183053f-ec9b-45d8-805a-36c0265103c2",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 h (a)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8183053f-ec9b-45d8-805a-36c0265103c2)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2619,
        "title": "PV R 5937h (b) - Cervical rib",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1b99cb12-9cf7-4f34-93e1-fa214d6c8e0b",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 h (b)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1b99cb12-9cf7-4f34-93e1-fa214d6c8e0b)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2618,
        "title": "PV R 5937h (c) - Cervical rib",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8e50084e-5505-48cb-8705-53033e11be87",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 h (c)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8e50084e-5505-48cb-8705-53033e11be87)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2615,
        "title": "PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 j (a)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2613,
        "title": "PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 j (b)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2612,
        "title": "PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 j (c)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2614,
        "title": "PV R 5937l (a) - Dorsals 5 & 6",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b683e600-c670-4502-a6fb-b5aa6e45d615",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 l (a)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b683e600-c670-4502-a6fb-b5aa6e45d615)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2608,
        "title": "PV R 5937l (b) - Dorsal 5 neural spine",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0454e197-de29-46d3-9c25-c04ac2d15aef",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 l (b)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0454e197-de29-46d3-9c25-c04ac2d15aef)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2606,
        "title": "PV R 5937n - Dorsals 8 & 9",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/642fc217-ee52-4b35-9129-6aa696d4ed89",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 n",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/642fc217-ee52-4b35-9129-6aa696d4ed89)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2611,
        "title": "PV R 5937o (a) - Dorsals 10 & 11",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e1cea59f-d850-47a7-8c6e-d50d85b50d4e",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 5937 o (a)",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e1cea59f-d850-47a7-8c6e-d50d85b50d4e)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 59,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 104
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Giraffatitan: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 59 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (22)\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0413” (specimen PV R 10056): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/7af4cdd3-44f0-4103-9f02-6d05760ea5ca). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0173” (specimen PV R 5937 a): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9e3f55fa-032b-464b-ab84-7003af987bf0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 38059” (specimen PV R 38059): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/29649b5b-1fe9-46a4-86f1-d82e706cfe54). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 38224 and 38225” (specimen PV R 38224): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5ecd668f-77bf-449e-8802-21aab4118e82). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 38688” (specimen PV R 38688): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a724db80-6ef5-4981-b627-d7156656b6af). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Quarry Map of M23” (specimen PV R 5937 a): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/6116f264-7889-4f73-a76b-1c5f7a68f54b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937b - Cervical vertebra 6” (specimen PV R 5937 b): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5988c167-c324-4a38-a626-018cc73afb88). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937c - Cervical 7” (specimen PV R 5937 c): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3f35aa7d-ac60-41ea-a020-8291f03620a0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937d - Cervical 8” (specimen PV R 5937 d): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e19424f6-692a-467f-a798-b2fa2daaf626). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937e - Cervical 9” (specimen PV R 5937 e): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/81cc6284-e52c-4b89-9533-b1113771abd4). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937f - Cervical 10” (specimen PV R 5937 f): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9eb94486-7116-47c1-89f8-9f3277affa3e). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937g (a) - Cervical 11” (specimen PV R 5937 g (a)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f88038b7-d785-4d04-ad28-bf2e638b65c1). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937h (a) - Cervical rib” (specimen PV R 5937 h (a)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8183053f-ec9b-45d8-805a-36c0265103c2). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937h (b) - Cervical rib” (specimen PV R 5937 h (b)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1b99cb12-9cf7-4f34-93e1-fa214d6c8e0b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937h (c) - Cervical rib” (specimen PV R 5937 h (c)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/8e50084e-5505-48cb-8705-53033e11be87). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid” (specimen PV R 5937 j (a)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid” (specimen PV R 5937 j (b)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937j (a, b, c) - Scapulocoracoid” (specimen PV R 5937 j (c)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3c2b9edf-ddd0-4719-b368-b55b04eddbfb). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937l (a) - Dorsals 5 & 6” (specimen PV R 5937 l (a)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b683e600-c670-4502-a6fb-b5aa6e45d615). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937l (b) - Dorsal 5 neural spine” (specimen PV R 5937 l (b)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0454e197-de29-46d3-9c25-c04ac2d15aef). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937n - Dorsals 8 & 9” (specimen PV R 5937 n): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/642fc217-ee52-4b35-9129-6aa696d4ed89). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5937o (a) - Dorsals 10 & 11” (specimen PV R 5937 o (a)): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e1cea59f-d850-47a7-8c6e-d50d85b50d4e). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n104 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "92307",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=92307"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "G. S. Paul (1988). The brachiosaur giants of the Morrison and Tendaguru with a description of a new subgenus, Giraffatitan, and a comparison of the world's largest dinosaurs. Hunteria 2(3): 1–14.",
    "authors": "G. S. Paul",
    "year": 1988,
    "title": "The brachiosaur giants of the Morrison and Tendaguru with a description of a new subgenus, Giraffatitan, and a comparison of the world's largest dinosaurs",
    "publication": "Hunteria",
    "volume": "2",
    "issue": "3",
    "pages": "1–14",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority ((Paul 1988))."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "14554"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Giraffatitan, (Paul 1988)\n\n- Named by: (Paul 1988) (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Family: Brachiosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Brachiosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Oxfordian to Tithonian, 161.5–143.1 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 161.5–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 41 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Tanzania (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Rock formations: Tendaguru Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Original description: G. S. Paul (1988). The brachiosaur giants of the Morrison and Tendaguru with a description of a new subgenus, Giraffatitan, and a comparison of the world's largest dinosaurs. Hunteria 2(3): 1–14. (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority ((Paul 1988))).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 1 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0)."
}
