{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:gallimimus",
  "genus": "Gallimimus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-05",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-05",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Gallimimus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Osmólska et al. 1972",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Ornithomimidae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Ornithomimidae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        93.9,
        66.0,
        "Turonian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "MN"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Baruungoyot",
        "Nemegt",
        "Upper Nemegt Beds"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore, omnivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": [
        "chicken"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 27 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithomimosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithomimosauria; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "MN",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Baruungoyot",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Nemegt",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (26 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Upper Nemegt Beds",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Upper Nemegt Beds"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 3,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Upper Nemegt Beds",
      "same_as": "Nemegt",
      "status": "suggested",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Gallimimus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 2294,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 38,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 30,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 153,
        "title": "File:Gallimimus 1 NHM3.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Gallimimus_1_NHM3.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_1_NHM3.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Original uploader was Firsfron at en.wikipedia",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Original uploader was Firsfron at en.wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_1_NHM3.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 154,
        "title": "File:Gallimimus bullatus.002 - Natural History Museum of London (white background).JPG",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Gallimimus_bullatus.002_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_London_%28white_background%29.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_bullatus.002_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_London_(white_background).JPG",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Drow male",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Drow male (File:Gallimimus bullatus.002 - Natural History Museum of London.JPG), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_bullatus.002_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_London_(white_background).JPG)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 155,
        "title": "File:MEPAN Gallimimus bullatus model.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/MEPAN_Gallimimus_bullatus_model.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MEPAN_Gallimimus_bullatus_model.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Hiuppo",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Hiuppo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MEPAN_Gallimimus_bullatus_model.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 152,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0311",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/25c9bfb8-eef8-437a-90c4-a4ed65de249d",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 9284",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/25c9bfb8-eef8-437a-90c4-a4ed65de249d)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 1,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 83
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Gallimimus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 1 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (4)\n- “File:Gallimimus 1 NHM3.jpg” (Taxon image): Original uploader was Firsfron at en.wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_1_NHM3.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Gallimimus bullatus.002 - Natural History Museum of London (white background).JPG” (Taxon image): Drow male (File:Gallimimus bullatus.002 - Natural History Museum of London.JPG), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallimimus_bullatus.002_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_London_(white_background).JPG). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:MEPAN Gallimimus bullatus model.jpg” (Taxon image): Hiuppo (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MEPAN_Gallimimus_bullatus_model.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0311” (specimen PV R 9284): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/25c9bfb8-eef8-437a-90c4-a4ed65de249d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n83 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38547",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38547"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Gallimimus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallimimus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822903",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822903"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q309467",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309467"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Gallimimus bullatus"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "H. Osmólska, E. Roniewicz, R. Barsbold (1972). A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica 27: 103–143.",
    "authors": "H. Osmólska, E. Roniewicz, R. Barsbold",
    "year": 1972,
    "title": "A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia",
    "publication": "Palaeontologia Polonica",
    "volume": "27",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "103–143",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Osmólska et al. 1972), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "9906"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Gallimimus, Osmólska et al. 1972\n\n- Named by: Osmólska et al. 1972 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Ornithomimidae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Ornithomimidae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Turonian to Maastrichtian, 93.9–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 83.6–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 27 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Mongolia (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Rock formations: Nemegt (medium: only PBDB records it (26 records)); Baruungoyot (low: only one PBDB record); Upper Nemegt Beds (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor).\n- Original description: H. Osmólska, E. Roniewicz, R. Barsbold (1972). A new dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica 27: 103–143. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Osmólska et al. 1972), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore, omnivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithomimosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithomimosauria; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Upper Nemegt Beds). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 3 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}