{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:edmontosaurus",
  "genus": "Edmontosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Edmontosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Lambe 1917",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Ornithischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Hadrosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Edmontosaurini",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        89.8,
        66.0,
        "Coniacian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        89.8,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "CA",
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Edmonton Formation",
        "Frenchman",
        "Hell Creek Formation",
        "Horseshoe Canyon",
        "Lance Formation",
        "Laramie Formation",
        "Prince Creek",
        "Schrader Bluff",
        "St. Mary River",
        "Wapiti"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "disputed",
      "reasons": [
        "Sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 68 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "CA",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Edmonton Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Frenchman",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Hell Creek Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (29 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Horseshoe Canyon",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (10 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Lance Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (18 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Laramie Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Prince Creek",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Schrader Bluff",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "St. Mary River",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Wapiti",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "The sources give different values.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "Hadrosauridae"
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Hadrosaruidae"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Edmonton Formation"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 17,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Hell Creek",
      "same_as": "Hell Creek Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Lance",
      "same_as": "Lance Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Laramie",
      "same_as": "Laramie Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Edmontosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 6434,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 172,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 24,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-10"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 2807,
        "title": "File:Anatotitan BW.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Anatotitan_BW.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatotitan_BW.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com)",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatotitan_BW.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2808,
        "title": "File:Edmontosaurus BW.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Edmontosaurus_BW.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurus_BW.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com)",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.5",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.5",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurus_BW.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2809,
        "title": "File:Edmontosaurusskel.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Edmontosaurusskel.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurusskel.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Ballista at English Wikipedia",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Ballista at English Wikipedia (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurusskel.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2804,
        "title": "PV R 8756 anterior caudal region",
        "category": "Document",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8d81fce-e8cf-4af0-a600-b8b193adb9e6",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8756",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8d81fce-e8cf-4af0-a600-b8b193adb9e6)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2799,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0583",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b2435486-3062-45dc-a26d-67b41b972efd",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 11332",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b2435486-3062-45dc-a26d-67b41b972efd)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2802,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0251",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/2f5f31d3-6c33-4e71-8356-f13b0de93f97",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 3890",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/2f5f31d3-6c33-4e71-8356-f13b0de93f97)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2796,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0457",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 4862",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2803,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0241",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b8f351ec-5893-490f-a8b7-43abb1d33bdc",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8756",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b8f351ec-5893-490f-a8b7-43abb1d33bdc)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2801,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0263",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e3f334df-17f7-40b7-8a7d-9dd56db35279",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8927",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e3f334df-17f7-40b7-8a7d-9dd56db35279)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2806,
        "title": "NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0371",
        "category": "Register",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4e1f229d-1124-4bbf-96ac-fedba87954c2",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 9739",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4e1f229d-1124-4bbf-96ac-fedba87954c2)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2800,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 11332 and NHMUK PV R 4253 on exhibit",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d0f0c28f-95fb-45b2-b386-a22b4eecdafb",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 11332",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d0f0c28f-95fb-45b2-b386-a22b4eecdafb)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2797,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 4862 Edmontosaurus",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/361a83e1-85b7-4f30-b49a-d30e3d2d087b",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 4862",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/361a83e1-85b7-4f30-b49a-d30e3d2d087b)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2798,
        "title": "NHMUK PV R 4862 Edmontosaurus tail part close up",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/fad16d9c-b194-4755-b351-56f403379d64",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 4862",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/fad16d9c-b194-4755-b351-56f403379d64)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 2805,
        "title": "PV R 8756 mid caudal region",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0aa9d160-847a-4163-91db-ac17359504e3",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8756",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0aa9d160-847a-4163-91db-ac17359504e3)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 3,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 250
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Edmontosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 3 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (14)\n- “File:Anatotitan BW.jpg” (Taxon image): Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatotitan_BW.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n- “File:Edmontosaurus BW.jpg” (Taxon image): Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurus_BW.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n- “File:Edmontosaurusskel.jpg” (Taxon image): Ballista at English Wikipedia (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edmontosaurusskel.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “PV R 8756 anterior caudal region” (specimen PV R 8756): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a8d81fce-e8cf-4af0-a600-b8b193adb9e6). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0583” (specimen PV R 11332): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b2435486-3062-45dc-a26d-67b41b972efd). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0251” (specimen PV R 3890): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/2f5f31d3-6c33-4e71-8356-f13b0de93f97). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0457” (specimen PV R 4862): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66512685-69a3-45d1-8caf-19c9d79a20e9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0241” (specimen PV R 8756): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b8f351ec-5893-490f-a8b7-43abb1d33bdc). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0263” (specimen PV R 8927): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e3f334df-17f7-40b7-8a7d-9dd56db35279). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0371” (specimen PV R 9739): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4e1f229d-1124-4bbf-96ac-fedba87954c2). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 11332 and NHMUK PV R 4253 on exhibit” (specimen PV R 11332): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d0f0c28f-95fb-45b2-b386-a22b4eecdafb). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 4862 Edmontosaurus” (specimen PV R 4862): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/361a83e1-85b7-4f30-b49a-d30e3d2d087b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R 4862 Edmontosaurus tail part close up” (specimen PV R 4862): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/fad16d9c-b194-4755-b351-56f403379d64). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 8756 mid caudal region” (specimen PV R 8756): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/0aa9d160-847a-4163-91db-ac17359504e3). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n250 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38761",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38761"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Edmontosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmontosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4823295",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4823295"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q309466",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309466"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Edmontosaurus annectens",
      "Edmontosaurus regalis"
    ],
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Anatosaurus",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Lull and Wright 1942"
      },
      {
        "name": "Anatotitan",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Brett-Surman 1990"
      }
    ]
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "L. M. Lambe (1917). A new genus and species of crestless hadrosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. The Ottawa Naturalist 31(7): 65–73.",
    "authors": "L. M. Lambe",
    "year": 1917,
    "title": "A new genus and species of crestless hadrosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta",
    "publication": "The Ottawa Naturalist",
    "volume": "31",
    "issue": "7",
    "pages": "65–73",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Lambe 1917)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "17549"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Edmontosaurus, Lambe 1917\n\n- Named by: Lambe 1917 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Family: Hadrosauridae (low confidence: sources disagree and an editor has not ruled yet).\n- Order: Ornithischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Edmontosaurini (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Coniacian to Maastrichtian, 89.8–66 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 89.8–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 68 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Canada (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Rock formations: Laramie Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Frenchman (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Hell Creek Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (29 records)); Horseshoe Canyon (medium: only PBDB records it (10 records)); Lance Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (18 records)); Edmonton Formation (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor); Prince Creek (low: only one PBDB record); Schrader Bluff (low: only one PBDB record); St. Mary River (low: only one PBDB record); Wapiti (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: L. M. Lambe (1917). A new genus and species of crestless hadrosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. The Ottawa Naturalist 31(7): 65–73. (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Lambe 1917)).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Family: sources disagree (PBDB says Hadrosauridae; NHM says Hadrosaruidae). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Edmonton Formation). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 17 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}