{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:dryptosaurus",
  "genus": "Dryptosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-11",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-11",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Dryptosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Marsh 1877",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Tyrannosauroidea",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        113.2,
        66.0,
        "Albian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        83.6,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Lance Formation",
        "Merchantville",
        "New Egypt Formation",
        "Paluxy"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "carnivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, solitary",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from only 2 dated record(s).",
        "1 record(s) identified only to genus, dated well outside the species-level records, were set aside as doubtful."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Coelurosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Theropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Lance Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Merchantville",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "New Egypt Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Paluxy",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Lance Formation"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 10,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "higher_rank_only",
        "count": 1,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "New Egypt",
      "same_as": "New Egypt Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Dryptosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 1972,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 101,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
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        ],
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        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
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      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 3608,
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        "category": "Taxon image",
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    "references": 112
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Dryptosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 3 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (10)\n- “File:Dryptosaurus Feathered Reconstruction.jpg” (Taxon image): Driptosaurus (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dryptosaurus_Feathered_Reconstruction.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_07_0487” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1c570c12-36ed-40bd-b4a0-74f8aa6797ce). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0195” (specimen PV R 8414): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/12f26b74-c843-4970-98c7-a631578837c2). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0195” (specimen PV R 8415): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/12f26b74-c843-4970-98c7-a631578837c2). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Cope 1869 plate 10” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/71cb255f-ff28-4487-8ff9-027f7499bcc1). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Cope 1869 plate 8 Laelaps” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/11125f14-7884-4c42-ac94-17f55cf53fbd). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Cope 1869 plate 9 Laelaps” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e8d08080-fcfd-4c41-b39f-3bd8b030eb4d). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Cope_1869_page_163_Laelaps_caudals” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/ebcb8a22-679c-4441-bef5-d59011855abe). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK_OR_50100_Dryptosaurus_surface_scan_femur_left_01” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1df94f9d-cbfc-4f95-9fbf-1df6d539a59e). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK_PV_OR_50100_Dryptosaurus_femur_stereo” (specimen PV OR 50100): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/f08d3f5d-6c74-457e-80b9-0d6f990b7433). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n112 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38605",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38605"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Dryptosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryptosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "3238991",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/3238991"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q131634",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131634"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Dryptosaurus aquilunguis"
    ],
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Laelaps",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Cope 1866"
      }
    ]
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of a new and gigantic dinosaur. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 87–88.",
    "authors": "O. C. Marsh",
    "year": 1877,
    "title": "Notice of a new and gigantic dinosaur",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science and Arts",
    "volume": "14",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "87–88",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s3-14.79.87",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.79.87",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1877), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "7812"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Dryptosaurus, Marsh 1877\n\n- Named by: Marsh 1877 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Tyrannosauroidea (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Albian to Maastrichtian, 113.2–66 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 83.6–66 million years ago (low confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from only 2 dated record(s)).\n- Fossils found in: United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Rock formations: New Egypt Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Lance Formation (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor); Merchantville (low: only one PBDB record); Paluxy (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: O. C. Marsh (1877). Notice of a new and gigantic dinosaur. American Journal of Science and Arts 14: 87–88. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.79.87 (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1877), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: carnivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Coelurosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, solitary (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Theropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Lance Formation). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Family: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 10 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n- 1 record(s) left out: nHM specimens identified only to a broader group, not to this genus.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}