{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:dryosaurus",
  "genus": "Dryosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Dryosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Marsh 1894",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Dryosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Dryosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        154.8,
        143.1,
        "Kimmeridgian",
        "Tithonian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        154.8,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "FR",
        "TZ",
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Marnes de Bléville",
        "Morrison Formation",
        "Tendaguru Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 20 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "FR",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "TZ",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM records it here but PBDB has no record in this country; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (19 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Marnes de Bléville",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Morrison Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (19 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Tendaguru Formation",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "Only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "formations",
        "label": "Formations",
        "note": "One source names a formation the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": null
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Tendaguru Beds"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "field": "countries",
        "label": "Countries",
        "note": "One source records a country the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "FR, US"
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "Tanzania"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 4,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      },
      {
        "records": "specimens",
        "status": "related_other_genus",
        "count": 3,
        "reason": "NHM specimens identified as a related genus"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Morrison",
      "same_as": "Morrison Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Tendaguru Beds",
      "same_as": "Tendaguru Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Dryosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
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        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
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        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
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        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
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        "retrieved": [
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        "source": "wikidata",
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    ],
    "images": [
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    "references": 139
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Dryosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 74 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (11)\n- “File:Beneski Museum of Natural History Dryosaurus altus.jpg” (Taxon image): Richard Haddad (https://www.flickr.com/photos/144256575@N08/31065095776/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beneski_Museum_of_Natural_History_Dryosaurus_altus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:Ceratosaurus & Dryosaurus.jpg” (Taxon image): Kordite (Originally uploaded to Flickr as Dryosaurus and Ceratosaurus.), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceratosaurus_%26_Dryosaurus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:Dryosaurus NT.jpg” (Taxon image): Nobu Tamura (nobu.tamura@yahoo.com) (https://spinops.blogspot.com/2012/06/dryosaurus-altus.html), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dryosaurus_NT.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Dryosaurus elderae (ornithopod dinosaur skull) (Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic; Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, USA) 2 (48695847672).jpg” (Taxon image): James St. John (Dryosaurus elderae (ornithopod dinosaur skull) (Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic; Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, USA) 2), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dryosaurus_elderae_(ornithopod_dinosaur_skull)_(Morrison_Formation,_Upper_Jurassic;_Carnegie_Quarry,_Dinosaur_National_Monument,_Utah,_USA)_2_(48695847672).jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n- “File:DryosaurusNV.jpg” (Taxon image): Foolp (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DryosaurusNV.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0083” (specimen PV R 5554): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/b57a4768-3bd5-466a-8a84-b63cf145eba4). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0087” (specimen PV R 5570): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/d66c1035-a31e-41fa-9d51-42f9c27f74e9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0089” (specimen PV R 5577): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/bb0ab7ac-3826-44d8-b33e-27f880de1a00). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0391” (specimen PV R 6861): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/6b6166cd-8d1e-47fb-bfb8-ad343486c973). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0185” (specimen PV R 8350): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/cd81c7e4-538a-4cfd-9846-a719c1595eca). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0187” (specimen PV R 8351): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4983efc0-a494-4af3-bbdd-1f752d92f852). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n139 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38731",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38731"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Dryosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4823065",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4823065"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q131085",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131085"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Dryosaurus altus",
      "Dryosaurus elderae"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "O. C. Marsh (1894). The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic. American Journal of Science, series 3 48: 85–90.",
    "authors": "O. C. Marsh",
    "year": 1894,
    "title": "The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science, series 3",
    "volume": "48",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "85–90",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s3-48.283.85",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-48.283.85",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1894)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "9097"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Dryosaurus, Marsh 1894\n\n- Named by: Marsh 1894 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Family: Dryosauridae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Parent group: Dryosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Kimmeridgian to Tithonian, 154.8–143.1 million years ago (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 154.8–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 20 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (medium: only PBDB records it (19 records)); France (low: only one PBDB record); Tanzania (low: NHM records it here but PBDB has no record in this country; awaiting an editor).\n- Rock formations: Morrison Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (19 records)); Marnes de Bléville (low: only one PBDB record); Tendaguru Formation (low: only NHM gives this name and it matches no PBDB formation; awaiting an editor).\n- Original description: O. C. Marsh (1894). The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic. American Journal of Science, series 3 48: 85–90. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-48.283.85 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1894)).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Ornithopoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Ornithischia; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Formations: sources disagree (NHM says Tendaguru Beds). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Countries: sources disagree (PBDB says FR, US; NHM says Tanzania). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 4 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n- 3 record(s) left out: nHM specimens identified as a related genus.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}