{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:diplodocus",
  "genus": "Diplodocus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-05",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-05",
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    "name": {
      "value": "Diplodocus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Marsh 1878",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Diplodocus longus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
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      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Diplodocidae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
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      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Diplodocinae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        157.9,
        143.1,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        154.8,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "GB",
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Morrison Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
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      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "es:diplodocus",
        "it:diplodoco",
        "ja:ディプロドクス",
        "zh:梁龍"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 62 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "GB",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "disputed",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM records it here but PBDB has no record in this country; awaiting an editor."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Morrison Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [
      {
        "field": "countries",
        "label": "Countries",
        "note": "One source records a country the other does not.",
        "values": [
          {
            "source": "PBDB",
            "source_id": "pbdb",
            "value": "US"
          },
          {
            "source": "NHM",
            "source_id": "nhm",
            "value": "United Kingdom"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 4,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Morrison",
      "same_as": "Morrison Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
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    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
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        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a883bfe2-f57b-466d-a32d-ab4cf1f8f7db",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8642 $Cast",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a883bfe2-f57b-466d-a32d-ab4cf1f8f7db)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 639,
        "title": "NMHUK PV R 8642 Dippy skull in gallery",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a40fce8a-130f-4882-acb9-1b61f0459005",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8642 $Cast",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a40fce8a-130f-4882-acb9-1b61f0459005)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 645,
        "title": "010035517_L010093362",
        "category": "Specimen",
        "url": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/26a7f4e0-23a2-46ae-b1a7-af58096e99db",
        "page_url": null,
        "source": "nhm",
        "rights_holder": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London",
        "catalog_number": "PV R 8924",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/26a7f4e0-23a2-46ae-b1a7-af58096e99db)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": {
      "specimens": 7,
      "ics_version": "v2024/12"
    },
    "references": 243
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Diplodocus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 7 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (16)\n- “File:Diplodocus carnegiei.jpg” (Taxon image): Gunnar Ries Amphibol (Self-photographed), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diplodocus_carnegiei.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Diplodocus carnegii.jpg” (Taxon image): Fred Wierum (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diplodocus_carnegii.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:WLA hmns Diplodocus.jpg” (Taxon image): Wikipedia Loves Art participant \"The_Wookies\" (Uploaded from the Wikipedia Loves Art photo pool on Flickr), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLA_hmns_Diplodocus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).\n- “R3802 Diplodocus longus” (specimen PV R 3802): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/66905b40-a340-4dc3-bdef-f955d76bdc0c). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Central Hall Diplodocus carnegii sign” (specimen PV R 8642): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/4c2a3223-a4ed-4c9d-80e6-3db41f3918c9). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0117” (specimen PV R 3207): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5373fa61-c810-425e-88fd-fddfb773a434). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0117” (specimen PV R 3208): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/5373fa61-c810-425e-88fd-fddfb773a434). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0123” (specimen PV R 3228): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/2de70140-e287-4800-a8ad-4e679dbacef0). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_22_0231” (specimen PV R 3802): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/2aa7fbd6-6acf-45c2-a57b-4ed3cf4fdb06). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0225” (specimen PV R 8642): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a86d2d3d-76ed-462c-8ed7-ea26fc35983b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0225” (specimen PV R 8642 $Cast): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a86d2d3d-76ed-462c-8ed7-ea26fc35983b). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_24_0263” (specimen PV R 8924): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/e3f334df-17f7-40b7-8a7d-9dd56db35279). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “R 8642 Diplodocus carnegii Central Hall” (specimen PV R 8642): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/47072242-1520-41be-b258-12c3739e4fdb). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NMHUK PV R 8642 Dippy skull gallery label” (specimen PV R 8642 $Cast): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a883bfe2-f57b-466d-a32d-ab4cf1f8f7db). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NMHUK PV R 8642 Dippy skull in gallery” (specimen PV R 8642 $Cast): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/a40fce8a-130f-4882-acb9-1b61f0459005). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “010035517_L010093362” (specimen PV R 8924): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/26a7f4e0-23a2-46ae-b1a7-af58096e99db). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n243 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38669",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38669"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Diplodocus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplodocus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822550",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822550"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q14330",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14330"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Diplodocus carnegiei",
      "Diplodocus carnegii",
      "Diplodocus hallorum",
      "Diplodocus longus"
    ],
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Seismosaurus",
        "status": "subjective synonym of",
        "authority": "Gillette 1991"
      }
    ]
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "O. C. Marsh (1878). Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part I. American Journal of Science and Arts 16: 411–416.",
    "authors": "O. C. Marsh",
    "year": 1878,
    "title": "Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part I",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science and Arts",
    "volume": "16",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "411–416",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s3-16.95.411",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-16.95.411",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1878), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "7803"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Diplodocus, Marsh 1878\n\n- Named by: Marsh 1878 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Diplodocidae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Diplodocinae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Diplodocus longus (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: 157.9–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 154.8–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 62 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); United Kingdom (low: NHM records it here but PBDB has no record in this country; awaiting an editor).\n- Rock formations: Morrison Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it).\n- Original description: O. C. Marsh (1878). Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part I. American Journal of Science and Arts 16: 411–416. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-16.95.411 (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Marsh 1878), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n- Common names: diplodocus, diplodoco, ディプロドクス, 梁龍 (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Countries: sources disagree (PBDB says US; NHM says United Kingdom). Awaiting an Omnisaura editor.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 4 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}