{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:dicraeosaurus",
  "genus": "Dicraeosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-10",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-10_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Dicraeosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Janensch 1914",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": "Saurischia",
      "rule": "Gap filled from NHM",
      "rule_id": "merge:gap_fill_nhm",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Dicraeosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Dicraeosaurinae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        161.5,
        143.1,
        "Oxfordian",
        "Tithonian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        161.5,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "TZ",
        "ZW"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Kadzi",
        "Tendaguru Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        },
        {
          "source": "nhm",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": [
        "en:Dicraeosaurus (\"bifurcated",
        "en:Dicraeosaurus (\"double-headed lizard\")"
      ],
      "rule": "Wikidata leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_wikidata",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "wikidata",
          "license": "CC0-1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and NHM agree."
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "NHM"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 19 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "Wikidata"
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "TZ",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "ZW",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Kadzi",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Tendaguru Formation",
          "level": "high",
          "basis": "corroborated",
          "reasons": [
            "NHM and PBDB both record it."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "source": "NHM"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "source": "Wikidata"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": []
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Tendaguru",
      "same_as": "Tendaguru Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Tendaguru Beds",
      "same_as": "Tendaguru Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Dicraeosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
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        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
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        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
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        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
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        "requires_attribution": false,
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    "references": 98
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Dicraeosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 10 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\nAges for 9 specimen(s) were derived from their stage names using the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12 (International Commission on Stratigraphy), via the Paleobiology Database (CC BY 4.0).\n\n### Images (10)\n- “File:Dicraeosaurus (1).jpg” (Taxon image): sebastiankoeck (Berlin > Naturkundemuseum), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dicraeosaurus_(1).jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Dicraeosaurus in Berlin.JPG” (Taxon image): Interfase (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dicraeosaurus_in_Berlin.JPG). [Public domain (released by the author, Wikimedia Commons)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0015” (specimen PV R 5271): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3ecb5f76-8212-4810-bd35-05c4c91a6bd8). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHM-UK_P_DF118_03_23_0015” (specimen PV R 5272): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/3ecb5f76-8212-4810-bd35-05c4c91a6bd8). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK R 38012 and NHMUK R 38242” (specimen PV R 38012): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1a13475d-6c81-412e-ab86-af6cf050dade). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK R 38012 and NHMUK R 38242” (specimen PV R 38242): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/1a13475d-6c81-412e-ab86-af6cf050dade). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R38244 and NHMUK PV R38245” (specimen PV R 38244): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/69aacb33-909a-426d-98e6-9cd246ccdd4f). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “NHMUK PV R38244 and NHMUK PV R38245” (specimen PV R 38245): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/69aacb33-909a-426d-98e6-9cd246ccdd4f). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “Exhibtion Label for PV R 5272” (specimen PV R 5272): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/13037702-f7f1-4eb8-b04d-9813badd33f3). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “PV R 5272 - Right femur” (specimen PV R 5272): The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; via NHM Data Portal (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/media/9484aded-3c23-4fd9-a7c1-60aa808d40b6). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n98 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38668",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38668"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Dicraeosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicraeosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822567",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822567"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q131410",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131410"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Dicraeosaurus hansemanni",
      "Dicraeosaurus sattleri"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "W. Janensch (1914). Übersicht über die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru-Schichten [Overview of the vertebrate fauna of the Tendaguru beds]. Archiv für Biontologie 3: 81–110.",
    "authors": "W. Janensch",
    "year": 1914,
    "title": "Übersicht über die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru-Schichten [Overview of the vertebrate fauna of the Tendaguru beds]",
    "publication": "Archiv für Biontologie",
    "volume": "3",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "81–110",
    "doi": null,
    "url": null,
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Janensch 1914), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "36770"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Dicraeosaurus, Janensch 1914\n\n- Named by: Janensch 1914 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Dicraeosauridae (high confidence: PBDB and NHM agree).\n- Order: Saurischia (medium confidence: only NHM gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Dicraeosaurinae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Oxfordian to Tithonian, 161.5–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives a range this precise; NHM's records give only a broader interval, which contains it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 161.5–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 19 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: Tanzania (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Zimbabwe (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Tendaguru Formation (high: NHM and PBDB both record it); Kadzi (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: W. Janensch (1914). Übersicht über die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru-Schichten [Overview of the vertebrate fauna of the Tendaguru beds]. Archiv für Biontologie 3: 81–110. (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Janensch 1914), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n- Common names: Dicraeosaurus (\"bifurcated, Dicraeosaurus (\"double-headed lizard\") (medium confidence: only Wikidata gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}