{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:brachiosaurus",
  "genus": "Brachiosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-05",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-05_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Brachiosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Riggs 1903",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": "Brachiosaurus altithorax",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": "Brachiosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Brachiosauridae",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        157.9,
        143.1,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        157.9,
        143.1
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "US",
        "ZW"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Kadzi",
        "Morrison Formation"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "herbivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, gregarious",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "family": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 11 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (10 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "ZW",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Kadzi",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Morrison Formation",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (10 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": [
      {
        "records": "occurrences",
        "status": "tentative",
        "count": 9,
        "reason": "PBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [
    {
      "name": "Morrison",
      "same_as": "Morrison Formation",
      "status": "automatic",
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Brachiosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 2728,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 7,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04"
        ],
        "source": "nhm",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record.",
        "source_name": "Natural History Museum Data Portal",
        "homepage": "https://data.nhm.ac.uk"
      },
      {
        "values": 25,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-05"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 928,
        "title": "File:202009 Brachiosaurus altithorax.svg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/202009_Brachiosaurus_altithorax.svg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202009_Brachiosaurus_altithorax.svg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS)",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) (https://doi.org/10.7875/togopic.2020.185), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202009_Brachiosaurus_altithorax.svg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 929,
        "title": "File:Brachiosaurus DB.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Brachiosaurus_DB.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_DB.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Dmitry Bogdanov",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "PD-SELF",
        "license_name": "Public domain (released by the author, Wikimedia Commons)",
        "license_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Dmitry Bogdanov (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_DB.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 930,
        "title": "File:Brachiosaurus Dinopark Denkendorf.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Brachiosaurus_Dinopark_Denkendorf.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_Dinopark_Denkendorf.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Christian-wittmann-1964",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "Christian-wittmann-1964 (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_Dinopark_Denkendorf.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 931,
        "title": "File:Brachiosaurus mount.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Brachiosaurus_mount.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_mount.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Matt Wedel",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Matt Wedel (https://svpow.com/2013/08/30/heres-that-brachiosaurus-altithorax-skeleton-you-ordered/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_mount.jpg)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": null,
    "references": 141
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Brachiosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Natural History Museum Data Portal** (https://data.nhm.ac.uk): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Natural History Museum (London) Data Portal, Collection specimens dataset, https://doi.org/10.5519/0002965. Image licenses vary per record. Retrieved 4 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 5 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\n### Images (4)\n- “File:202009 Brachiosaurus altithorax.svg” (Taxon image): DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) (https://doi.org/10.7875/togopic.2020.185), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202009_Brachiosaurus_altithorax.svg). [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n- “File:Brachiosaurus DB.jpg” (Taxon image): Dmitry Bogdanov (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_DB.jpg). [Public domain (released by the author, Wikimedia Commons)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self).\n- “File:Brachiosaurus Dinopark Denkendorf.jpg” (Taxon image): Christian-wittmann-1964 (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_Dinopark_Denkendorf.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Brachiosaurus mount.jpg” (Taxon image): Matt Wedel (https://svpow.com/2013/08/30/heres-that-brachiosaurus-altithorax-skeleton-you-ordered/), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachiosaurus_mount.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n141 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "38677",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38677"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Brachiosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822846",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822846"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q14397",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14397"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Brachiosaurus altithorax"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "E. S. Riggs (1903). Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science, series 4 15: 299–306.",
    "authors": "E. S. Riggs",
    "year": 1903,
    "title": "Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur",
    "publication": "American Journal of Science, series 4",
    "volume": "15",
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "299–306",
    "doi": "10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "high",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Riggs 1903), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "17263"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Brachiosaurus, Riggs 1903\n\n- Named by: Riggs 1903 (high confidence: PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Family: Brachiosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Brachiosauridae (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Type species: Brachiosaurus altithorax (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: 157.9–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 157.9–143.1 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 11 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (medium: only PBDB records it (10 records)); Zimbabwe (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Rock formations: Morrison Formation (medium: only PBDB records it (10 records)); Kadzi (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: E. S. Riggs (1903). Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science, series 4 15: 299–306. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.299 (high confidence: PBDB gives this publication for the name; its author and year match the naming authority (Riggs 1903), on which PBDB and Wikidata agree).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: herbivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Sauropoda, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, gregarious (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Sauropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- 9 record(s) left out: pBDB fossil records identified only tentatively (for example 'cf.', '?', or the genus name in quotation marks, PBDB's mark for a loose use).\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Natural History Museum Data Portal (CC0-1.0); Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}