{
  "schema": "omnisaura.snapshot/v3",
  "uid": "omnisaura:profile:appalachiosaurus",
  "genus": "Appalachiosaurus",
  "data_as_of": "2026-10-11",
  "raw_run": "2026-10-11_2",
  "profile": {
    "name": {
      "value": "Appalachiosaurus",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "value": "Carr et al. 2005",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "type_species": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "order": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "family": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "value": "Tyrannosauroidea",
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "headline": {
      "value": [
        85.7,
        66.0,
        "Santonian",
        "Maastrichtian"
      ],
      "rule": "PBDB leads",
      "rule_id": "merge:lead_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "evidence": {
      "value": [
        85.7,
        66.0
      ],
      "rule": "Omnisaura synthesis: span of confirmed PBDB records",
      "rule_id": "merge:omnisaura_synthesis_confirmed_occurrences",
      "synthesis": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "value": [
        "US"
      ],
      "rule": "Union of all sources (ISO 3166)",
      "rule_id": "merge:union_iso3166",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "value": [
        "Blufftown",
        "Coachman",
        "Demopolis Chalk",
        "Donoho Creek",
        "Steel Creek"
      ],
      "rule": "Canonical names, automatic and editor-approved matches applied",
      "rule_id": "merge:canonical_formations",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "value": "carnivore",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "value": "ground dwelling, solitary",
      "rule": "PBDB, inferred from a group the genus belongs to",
      "rule_id": "merge:inferred_pbdb",
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "source": "pbdb",
          "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "common_names": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    },
    "named_after": {
      "value": null,
      "rule": null,
      "rule_id": null,
      "synthesis": false,
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "confidence": {
    "name": {
      "level": "high",
      "basis": "corroborated",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB and Wikidata identify the same genus."
      ]
    },
    "authority": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "parent_name": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "headline": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "reasons": [
        "Omnisaura's calculation from 6 confirmed PBDB records."
      ]
    },
    "diet": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "single_source",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Coelurosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils."
      ],
      "source": "PBDB"
    },
    "life_habit": {
      "level": "low",
      "basis": "thin",
      "reasons": [
        "PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Theropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus."
      ]
    },
    "countries": {
      "level": "medium",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "See each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "US",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (6 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        }
      ]
    },
    "formations": {
      "level": "mixed",
      "basis": "items",
      "reasons": [
        "Entries differ; see each entry."
      ],
      "items": [
        {
          "value": "Blufftown",
          "level": "medium",
          "basis": "single_source",
          "reasons": [
            "Only PBDB records it (2 records)."
          ],
          "source": "PBDB"
        },
        {
          "value": "Coachman",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Demopolis Chalk",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Donoho Creek",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        },
        {
          "value": "Steel Creek",
          "level": "low",
          "basis": "thin",
          "reasons": [
            "Only one PBDB record."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "gaps": {
    "missing": [
      {
        "field": "type_species",
        "label": "Type species",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "order",
        "label": "Order",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "family",
        "label": "Family",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "common_names",
        "label": "Common names",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      },
      {
        "field": "named_after",
        "label": "Named after",
        "note": "No source we use gives this yet."
      }
    ],
    "single_source": [
      {
        "field": "authority",
        "label": "Authority",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "parent_name",
        "label": "Parent group",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "headline",
        "label": "Age (headline)",
        "source": "PBDB"
      },
      {
        "field": "diet",
        "label": "Diet",
        "source": "PBDB"
      }
    ],
    "disputed": [],
    "withheld": []
  },
  "assessment": {
    "levels": {
      "high": "Two independent sources agree, or an editor has ruled.",
      "medium": "One source; nothing contradicts it.",
      "low": "Sources disagree and no editor has ruled yet, or too few records."
    },
    "by": "Omnisaura",
    "license_id": "OMNISAURA-EDITORIAL"
  },
  "formation_matches": [],
  "credits": {
    "genus": "Appalachiosaurus",
    "scope": "confirmed matches only",
    "data_sources": [
      {
        "values": 674,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-04",
          "2026-10-05",
          "2026-10-10",
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "pbdb",
        "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "attribution": "Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0.",
        "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
        "homepage": "https://paleobiodb.org"
      },
      {
        "values": 23,
        "retrieved": [
          "2026-10-11"
        ],
        "source": "wikidata",
        "license_id": "CC0-1.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "requires_attribution": false,
        "attribution": "Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0.",
        "source_name": "Wikidata",
        "homepage": "https://www.wikidata.org"
      }
    ],
    "images": [
      {
        "media_id": 3937,
        "title": "File:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis fossil, Tellus Science Museum 2.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis_fossil%2C_Tellus_Science_Museum_2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis_fossil,_Tellus_Science_Museum_2.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "JJonahJackalope",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": true,
        "attribution": "JJonahJackalope (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis_fossil,_Tellus_Science_Museum_2.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 3936,
        "title": "File:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "FunkMonk",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-3.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "FunkMonk (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis.jpg)"
      },
      {
        "media_id": 3935,
        "title": "File:Appalachiosaurus.jpg",
        "category": "Taxon image",
        "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Appalachiosaurus.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
        "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus.jpg",
        "source": "commons",
        "rights_holder": "Ralph Daily from Birmingham, United States",
        "catalog_number": null,
        "license_id": "CC-BY-2.0",
        "license_name": "Creative Commons Attribution 2.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/",
        "requires_attribution": true,
        "share_alike": false,
        "attribution": "Ralph Daily from Birmingham, United States (Appalachiosaurus Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus.jpg)"
      }
    ],
    "derived_ages": null,
    "references": 25
  },
  "credits_markdown": "## Appalachiosaurus: Sources & credits\n\n_Scope: confirmed matches only._\n\n### Data\n- **Paleobiology Database** (https://paleobiodb.org): [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data from the Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb.org), licensed CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 4 October 2026, 5 October 2026, 10 October 2026, 11 October 2026.\n- **Wikidata** (https://www.wikidata.org): [Creative Commons Zero 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). Data from Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0. Retrieved 11 October 2026. _Credited as a courtesy: this licence doesn't require attribution._\n\n### Images (3)\n- “File:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis fossil, Tellus Science Museum 2.jpg” (Taxon image): JJonahJackalope (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis_fossil,_Tellus_Science_Museum_2.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Shown unmodified (share-alike licence).\n- “File:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis.jpg” (Taxon image): FunkMonk (Own work), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus_montgomeriensis.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\n- “File:Appalachiosaurus.jpg” (Taxon image): Ralph Daily from Birmingham, United States (Appalachiosaurus Uploaded by FunkMonk), via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachiosaurus.jpg). [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).\n\n### Scientific references\n\n25 published reference(s) support this entry (via the Paleobiology Database).\n",
  "notice": "Omnisaura data combines sources under different licences. Every genus file lists its credits; anyone showing a value must show the credits for it. Images keep their own licences; share-alike images may only be shown unmodified.",
  "fossil_basis": "body",
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "pbdb",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database",
      "id": "65079",
      "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65079"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "enwiki",
      "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
      "id": "Appalachiosaurus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachiosaurus"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "gbif",
      "name": "GBIF",
      "id": "4822784",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/species/4822784"
    },
    {
      "scheme": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "id": "Q773996",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773996"
    }
  ],
  "other_names": {
    "species": [
      "Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis"
    ],
    "synonyms": []
  },
  "original_description": {
    "citation": "T. D. Carr, T. E. Williamson, D. R. Schwimmer (2005). A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1): 119–143.",
    "authors": "T. D. Carr, T. E. Williamson, D. R. Schwimmer",
    "year": 2005,
    "title": "A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis formation of Alabama",
    "publication": "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    "volume": "25",
    "issue": "1",
    "pages": "119–143",
    "doi": "10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:angaso]2.0.co;2",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:angaso]2.0.co;2",
    "what": "The publication the Paleobiology Database gives as the authority for this genus name, usually the one that first named and described it.",
    "confidence": {
      "level": "medium",
      "reasons": [
        "Only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Carr et al. 2005)."
      ]
    },
    "source": "pbdb",
    "source_name": "Paleobiology Database",
    "license_id": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "pbdb_reference_no": "12992"
  },
  "summary": "Omnisaura summary: Appalachiosaurus, Carr et al. 2005\n\n- Named by: Carr et al. 2005 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Parent group: Tyrannosauroidea (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, as published by the Paleobiology Database: Santonian to Maastrichtian, 85.7–66 million years ago (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; nothing contradicts it).\n- Age, Omnisaura's own calculation (not a published figure): 85.7–66 million years ago (medium confidence: Omnisaura's calculation from 6 confirmed PBDB records).\n- Fossils found in: United States (medium: only PBDB records it (6 records)).\n- Rock formations: Blufftown (medium: only PBDB records it (2 records)); Coachman (low: only one PBDB record); Demopolis Chalk (low: only one PBDB record); Donoho Creek (low: only one PBDB record); Steel Creek (low: only one PBDB record).\n- Original description: T. D. Carr, T. E. Williamson, D. R. Schwimmer (2005). A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1): 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:angaso]2.0.co;2 (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this; its author and year match the naming authority (Carr et al. 2005)).\n- Diet, inferred by PBDB for the group: carnivore (medium confidence: only PBDB gives this, and it infers it for the whole of Coelurosauria, the group this genus belongs to, not from this genus's own fossils).\n- Way of life, inferred by PBDB for the group: ground dwelling, solitary (low confidence: PBDB infers this way of life for the whole of Theropoda; behaviour is rarely known for one genus).\n\nNot known or disputed:\n- Type species: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Order: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Family: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Common names: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n- Named after: no source Omnisaura uses gives this.\n\nNot covered by Omnisaura: size, weight, appearance, or behaviour beyond the way of life PBDB infers for the group. Do not fill these in from general knowledge as if they came from Omnisaura.\n\nCredits (must be shown with any of this): Paleobiology Database (CC-BY-4.0); Wikidata (CC0-1.0)."
}